Windows Server 2008 R2 - adprep
Windows Server 2008 R2 has added some additional Active Directory objects that need to be imported into your domain and forests before it can become a domain controller. The tool that you will need to use to get your forest/domain ready for this new OS is called "adprep" and it can be found in your Windows Server 2008 R2 CD. Unlike previous versions of adprep, R2 includes a 32-bit (adprep32.exe) and a 64-bit (adprep.exe) copy for you to use. You have to run this tool on an existing domain controller so know your architecture before you start copying around the folder to your servers. You will need to do the following:
adprep /forestprep
adprep /domainprep
adprep /rodcprep
The first command will add the necessary objects into your forest, then add the necessary objects into your domain and finally it will prep your domain for the new concept that is read-only domain controllers. Once you have ran these commands and AD has replicated throughout your network, you can safely run dcpromo.exe from your Windows 2008 R2 server and make it a domain controller.

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